Cite thesis and conference papers in IEEE
Learn how to cite theses and conference papers in IEEE style. Follow correct formats for online, unpublished and presented academic sources to reference sources accurately in your writing.
Use of “thesis” and “dissertation” is determined by the authors; these are different depending on the degree and the academic institution and should not be changed based on degree level.
In-text citations
| Citation format | Example |
| Paraphrasing | Shanmugam’s [1] research has discovered that … |
| Direct quote | "Nanocellulose materials can provide an excellent alternative material for most plastic films which have limitations in recycling and biodegradability" [1, p. 76]. |
Reference list
Thesis
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, Country, year. [Online]. Available: URL |
| Full reference |
[1] T. L. Batty, “Predictive force feedback in a teleoperated robotic surgical system,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Mech. Aerosp. Eng., Monash Univ., Melbourne, Vic., Australia, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/thesis/Predictive_Force_Feedback_in_a_Teleoperated_ [2] R. Yasmin, “Data-driven flexibility assessment for demand response in wastewater treatment plant,” M.S. thesis, Dept Eng. Federation Univ., Ballarat, Vic., Australia, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:19598?exact=sm_type%3A%22Thesis%22 |
Dissertation
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, Country, year. [Online]. Available: URL |
| Full reference |
[1] F. Jensen, “Electromagnetic near-field far-field correlations,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Tech. Univ. Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 1970. [Online]. Available: www.tud.ed/jensen/diss [2] P. Das, "Exploring climate change impacts from hydrology to hydrometeorology: Towards climate adaptation strategies." PhD dissertation, Civ. Environ. Eng., Northeastern Univ., MA, USA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal1/dissertations-theses/exploring-climate-change-impacts-hydrology/docview/3198955786/sem-2?accountid=45364 |
In-text citations
| Citation format | Example |
| Paraphrasing | Hydraulic borehole mining is a method used … [1]. |
| Direct quote | “The most obvious objects for the application of hydraulic borehole mining are alluvial gold deposits” [1, p. 2]. |
Reference list
Number citations according to their order of appearance in the text. Use the same number for repeated references to the same source.
URL
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author. (Date). Title of conference paper. Presented at Abbrev. Conf. title. [Online]. Available: URL |
| Full reference |
[1] V. Chandrasekaran, S. Sanghavi, P. A. Parrilo, and A. S. Willsky. (2009). Sparse and low-rank matrix decompositions. Presented at IFAC 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S1474667016388632 |
DOI
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author. (Date). Title of conference paper. Presented at Abbrev. Conf. title., doi: xxx |
| Full reference |
[1] V. Rochev. (2018). “Hydraulic borehole mining method possible application at Middle Larba alluvial gold field,” presented at 7th Int. Sci. Conf., doi: 10/1051/e3sconf/20185601025. |
In-text citations
| Citation format | Example |
| Paraphrasing | Monitoring optical sensors … [1]. |
| Direct quote | “Monitoring of miners in underground tunnels field may include mobile nodes, reference nodes, gateways and base stations” [3, p. 678]. |
Reference list
- Abbreviations for commonly used words can be found on page 23 of the IEEE Referencing Guide 2025
- Location of the conference is optional for online material.
- All published conference proceedings papers must have page numbers.
- List the author(s) and title of the paper, followed by the conference name using the abbreviations page 23 of the IEEE Referencing Guide 2025.
- Omit most articles (the, of the, on). Example 'Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference' becomes 'Proc. 1996 Robot. Automat. Conf.'
- Use '1st' instead of 'First'.
DOI
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author, “Title of conference paper,” in Abbrev. Name of Conf., C. D. Editor, Ed. (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx-xxx, doi: xxx. |
| Full reference |
[1] A. Zrelli, H. Larthani, and T. Ezzedine, “Survey of optical sensors for strain monitoring in underground mining,” in Proc. 14th Int. Wireless Comms and Mob. Comput. Conf. (IWCMC 2018), Limassol, Cyprus, Jun. 25-29, 2018, pp. 678-682, doi: 10/1109/IWCMC.2018.8450452. [2] G. Karmakar, A. Chowdhury, R. Das, J. Kamruzzaman and S. Islam, "Assessing Trust Level of a Driverless Car Using Deep Learning," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 4457-4466, July 2021, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3059261. |
URL
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbrev. Name of Conf., (location of conference is optional), year, pp. xxx-xxx. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com |
| Full reference |
[1] J. Yanamadala et al., “Segmentation of the visible human project (VHP) female cryosection images within MATLAB environment,” in Proc. 23rd Int. Meshing Roundtable, London, U.K., Oct. 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.imr.sandia.gov/papers/imr23.html [2] S. Rastogi, A. Barton, H. Kandra and S. Narendranathan, “Hydromechanical contributions to mine stability linked to aquifer depressurisation and heterogenous material underlying the mine void, development of conceptual model,” in 2024 Hydro. Water Resourc. Symp. (HWRS 2024), Melbourne, Vic, Australia, Nov. 2024, pp. 857-868. [Online]. Available: https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.T2025050600022601940463948 |