Cite sound and video in IEEE
Learn how to cite sound and video sources in IEEE style. Follow correct formats for podcasts and videos to reference sources accurately in your writing.
In-text citations
| Citation format | Example |
| Paraphrasing | The visualisation of Quatemions has been … [1]. |
| Direct quote | “Quatemions are a four-dimensional extension of complex numbers” [1]. |
Reference list
| Reference format | Example |
| Template | [#] Video Owner/Creator, Location (if available). Title of Video Tutorial. (Release date). Accessed: Abbrev. Month Day, Year. [Online video]. Available: URL |
| Full reference |
[1] G. Sanderson. Visualizing the 4d numbers Quaternions. (Sep. 7, 2018). Accessed: Dec. 4, 2019. [Online video]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4EgbgTm0Bg [2] ABC News Victoria. Australia’s experiencing a critical shortage of engineers and two young female engineers have decided to do something about it, (June 11, 2018). Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online Video]. Available: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/TVNEWS.TSM201806110077 |
Note: There is no official guidance for referencing podcasts in the IEEE Reference Guide. This guidance was taken from University of Melbourne’s Re:cite guide.
In-text citations
A timestamp is not needed for direct quotes of audio-visual material.
| Citation format | Example |
| Paraphrasing |
According to Kennedy [1] we need to ensure that people are not overlooked as technological systems evolve. |
| Direct quote | “Technological systems are evolving at a really great pace, and we really need to ensure that humans are not an afterthought.” [2]. |
Reference list
| Reference format | Example |
| Template |
[#] A. A. Author, Presenter or Speaker, "Title of episode" (if necessary), Title of Podcast, Abbrev. Month. Day, Year [Podcast]. Accessed: Abbrev. Month. Day, Year. Available: [URL] |
| Full reference |
[1] T. Martin, Presenter, "Ep. 68: Scouring pads", Tony Martin's Sizzletown, Apr. 6, 2023 [Podcast]. Accessed: Apr. 15, 2023. Available: https://www.sizzletownpodcast.com/episode-guide [2] D. De Giora, M. De Gioria and G. Kennedy, Presenters, “Human Systems with Grace Kennedy”, Engineering Heroes, Apr. 23, 2021 [Podcast]. Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. Available: https://open.spotify.com/episode/60gHvyRa2oaM4x6ml13dJ3?si=wqr8xdGpS-SigOsOeW4GkQ |