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Cite media sources and opinion pieces in Chicago

Learn how to cite media sources in Chicago Note 18 style. Use correct templates for newspaper articles, reviews and media releases with correct formatting to reference sources accurately in your writing.

Footnotes

  • If no author is credited, begin with the article title in the note but newspaper/magazine name in the bibliography.
  • Omit any ‘The’ from the beginning of the newspaper name. If the city is not obvious in the name, add in round brackets.
  • Page references can be included but are not necessary as they are sometimes unreliable due to multiple editions of a single issue or continuing over several pages with extraneous material in between.
  • More information, see: Basic citation format for news articles (14.89), and Weekend supplements, magazines, and the like (14.95).
Citation format Example
Template   # First Name Last Name, “Article Title”, Newspaper/Magazine Name, Month Day, Year, Page(s).
Full note 1. Greg Gliddon, “Frustration as Rain Sours Crucial Day,” Courier (Ballarat), February 17, 2025, 2.
Subsequent note 7. Gliddon, “Frustration as Rain Sours.”

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

 Last Name, First Name. “Article title.” Newspaper/Magazine Name, Month Day, Year.
Bibliography entry

Gliddon, Greg. “Frustration as Rain Sours Crucial Day.” Courier (Ballarat), February 17, 2025.  

Footnotes

  • If no URL is suitable, if located in a database, add the name of the database (see URLs for journal articles72).
  • If no author is credited, begin with the article title in the note but newspaper/magazine name in the bibliography.
  • Omit any ‘The’ from the beginning of the newspaper name. If the city is not in name, add in round brackets without italicising.
  • Page references can be included in the note but are not necessary as they are sometimes unreliable due to multiple editions of a single issue or continuing over several pages with extraneous material in between.
  • More information, see: Basic citation format for news articles (14.89), and Access dates (13.15).
Citation format Example
Template # “Article Title,” Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year, Page(s).  
Full note 3 “Ad Heats Up Race for Governor,” New York Times, July 30, 2002, 2.
Subsequent note 9 “Ad Heats Up Race.”

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

Newspaper name. "Article title." Month Day, Year, URL/Database.
Bibliography entry

New York Times. “Ad Heats Up Race for Governor.” July 30, 2002.  

Footnotes

  • If no URL is suitable, if located in a database, add the name of the database (see URLs for journal articles 14.72).
  • If no author is credited, begin with the article title in the note but newspaper/magazine name in the bibliography.
  • Omit any ‘The’ from the beginning of the newspaper name. If the city is not in name, add in round brackets without italicising.
  • Page references can be included in the note but are not necessary as they are sometimes unreliable due to multiple editions of a single issue or continuing over several pages with extraneous material in between.
  • More information, see: Basic citation format for news articles (14.89), Letters to the editor and readers’ comments (14.94), and Access dates (13.15).
Citation format Example
Template # First Name Last Name, Letter to the editor, Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year, URL/Database [if found online].
Full note 4 Ruth Farr, Letter to the editor, Age, June 22, 2025, NewsBank.  
Subsequent note 10 Farr, letter to editor, 32.

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

Last Name, First Name. Letter to the editor. Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year, URL/Database.
Bibliography entry Barr, Ruth. Letter to the editor. Age, June 22, 2025, NewsBank.  

Footnotes

  • If no URL is suitable, if located in a database, add the name of the database (see URLs for journal articles 14.72).
  • If no author is credited, begin with the article title in the note but newspaper/magazine name in the bibliography.
  • Omit any ‘The’ from the beginning of the newspaper name. If the city is not in name, add in round brackets without italicising.
  • Page references can be included in the note but are not necessary as they are sometimes unreliable due to multiple editions of a single issue or continuing over several pages with extraneous material in between.
  • More information, see: Basic citation format for news articles (14.89), and Access dates (13.15).
Citation format Example
Template # First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year, Page(s), URL.
Full note 5 Brian Craig, “Mrs Holt’s Sorrow,” Australian Women’s Weekly, January 10, 1968, 2–3, http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/.  
Subsequent note 11 Craig, “Mrs Holt's Sorrow,” 2.  

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Newspaper Name, Month Day, Year. URL.
Bibliography entry

Craig, Brian. “Mrs Holt’s Sorrow.” Australian Women’s Weekly, January 10, 1968. http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/.  

Footnotes

  • If no URL is suitable, if located in a database, add the name of the database (see URLs for journal articles72).
  • If no author is credited, begin with the article title in the note but newspaper/magazine name in the bibliography.
  • Omit any ‘The’ from the beginning of the newspaper name. If the city is not in name, add in round brackets without italicising.
  • Page references can be included in the note but are not necessary as they are sometimes unreliable due to multiple editions of a single issue or continuing over several pages with extraneous material in between.
  • More information, see: Basic citation format for news articles (14.89), and Access dates (13.15).
Citation format Example
Template # First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” News Outlet, Month Day, Year, URL.  
Full note 6 Wendy Cole and Janice Castro, “Scientology’s Largesse in Russia,” Time, April 13, 1992, https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,975290,00.html.  
Subsequent note 12 Cole and Castro, “Scientology’s Largesse,” 7.  

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." News Outlet, Month Day, Year. URL.
Bibliography entry

Cole, Wendy, and Janice Castro. “Scientology’s Largesse in Russia.” Time, April 13, 1992. https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,975290,00.html.  

Footnotes

Citation format Example
Template # Organisation Name, “Title,” news release, Month Day, Year, URL.  
Full note 1 US Government Publishing Office, “GPO Director Names Yale Librarian as Superintendent of Documents,” news release, September 8, 2022. https://www.gpo.gov/docs/default-source/news-content-pdf-files/2022/gpo-director-names-yale-librarian-as-superintendent-of-documents.pdf  
Subsequent note 5 US Government Publishing Office, “GPO Director Names Yale Librarian”.  

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template Organisation Name. "Title," news release, Month Day, Year. URL.  
Bibliography entry

US Government Publishing Office, “GPO Director Names Yale Librarian as Superintendent of Documents,” news release, September 8, 2022. https://www.gpo.gov/docs/default-source/news-content-pdf-files/2022/gpo-director-names-yale-librarian-as-superintendent-of-documents.pdf.  

Footnotes

Citation format Example
Template # First Name Last Name, review of Work Title by Work Author, Performing Company, Performance Month Day, Year. Newspaper, Month Day, Year. URL.  
Full note

1 Jim Schembri, review of Australia, directed by Baz Luhrmann, Age (Melbourne), November 10, 2008.

2 Alison Croggon, review of Private Lives, by Noel Coward, Melbourne Theatre Company, Southbank Theatre, Melbourne, Guardian Australia, January 31, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/culture/australia-culture-blog/.

3 Allan Kozinn, review of concert performance by Timothy Fain (violin) and Steven Beck (piano), 92nd Street Y, New York, April 20, 2000, New York Times, April 21, 2000, Weekend section.

4 Denise Taylor, review of Degas: A New Vision, National Gallery of Victoria, June 2016, http://www.denisemtaylor.com.au/2016/07/review-degas-a-new-vision/.  
Subsequent note

5 Schembri, review of Australia.

6 Croggon, review of Private Lives.

7 Kozinn, review of Fain and Beck, p. 5.

8 Taylor, review of Degas.  

Bibliography

Reference format Example
Template

Last Name, First Name. Review of Work Title, by Work Author, Performing Company, Performance Month Day, Year. Newspaper, Month Day, Year. URL/Database.  
Bibliography entry

Croggon, Alison. Review of Private Lives, by Noel Coward, Melbourne Theatre Company, January 30, 2014. Guardian Australia, January 31, 2014. http://www.theguardian.com/culture/australia-culture-blog/.

Kozinn, Allan. Review of concert performance by Timothy Fain (violin) and Steven Beck (piano), 92nd Street Y, New York. New York Times, April 21, 2000, Weekend section.

Schembri, Jim. Review of Australia, directed by Baz Luhrmann. Age (Melbourne), November 10, 2008, NewsBank.

St. Félix, Doreen. “How Many Generations of ‘Katrina Babies’ Are There?,” review of Katrina Babies, dir. Edward Buckles Jr., HBO Max, New Yorker, September 5, 2022, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/09/12/how-many-generations-of-katrina-babies-are-there-untold.

Taylor, Denise. Review of Degas: A New Vision, National Gallery of Victoria, June 2016. http://www.denisemtaylor.com.au/2016/07/review-degas-a-new-vision/.

Tommasini, Anthony. Review of recital by Zhu Wang (piano), Zankel Hall, New York. New York Times, November 12, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/12/arts/music/young-concert-artists-zhu-wang.html.