Cite books and ebooks in APA 7

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include the author’s last name and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the author’s last name in the text, include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	Studies indicate that . . . (Sullivan, 2013). Sullivan (2013) states that . . .
Direct quote	"Challenging the power structure of institutions, organizations, or bureaucracies requires commitment and fortitude" (Sullivan, 2013, p. 103). Sullivan (2013) notes that "challenging the power structure of institutions, organizations, or bureaucracies requires commitment and fortitude" (p. 103).

  Reference list 

• Give author, year, title (italics), and name of the publisher
• If the book has a DOI, include this even if you consulted the print version.
• When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher.
Reference list entry	Sullivan, E. (2013). Becoming influential: A guide for nurses (2nd ed.). Pearson. American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include both authors’ last names joined by an ampersand (&) and the year of publication in round brackets.   
• If you mention the authors within the text, join both last names with ‘and’ and include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	. . . and is vital in order to encode memories (Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo, 2016). Pastorino and Doyle-Portillo (2016) have identified that . . .
Direct quote	"The central executive functions as an attention-controlling mechanism within working memory have been found to ..." (Pastorino & Doyle-Portillo, 2016, p. 281).

Reference list

• List both authors and separate by an ampersand (&).
• If the book has a DOI, include this even if you consulted the print version.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher.
Reference list entry	Pastorino, E., & Doyle-Portillo, S. (2016). What is psychology?: Foundations, applications and integration. Cengage Learning.

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, use only the first listed author’s last name followed by ‘et al.’ (Latin for ‘and others’) and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the authors within the text, include the first author’s last name followed by ‘et al’ and the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name. If cited again within that paragraph, omit the year of publication.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	. . . independent variables are controlled by the selector (Kraemer et al., 2016). Kraemer et al. (2016) posit that . . . Kraemer et al. also found that . . .
Direct quote	"Circadian response patterns can be sensitive to light and dark cycles, sleep patterns, and seasonal changes" (Kraemer et al., 2016, p. 214).

Reference list

• List all authors separated by commas and use an ampersand (&) before the last name.
• If the book has a DOI, include this even if you consulted the print version.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Kraemer, W., Fleck, S. J., & Deschenes, M. R. (2012).  Exercise physiology: Integrating theory and applications. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. Pairman, S., Tracy, S. K., Dahlen, H. G., & Dixon, L. (2023). Midwifery: Preparation for practice (5th ed.).  Elsevier Australia.

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, use only the first listed author’s last name followed by ‘et al.’ (Latin for ‘and others’) and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the authors within the text, include the first author’s last name followed by ‘et al’ and the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	. . . independent variables are controlled by the selector (Kraemer et al., 2016). Kraemer et al. (2016) posit that . . .
Direct quote	Veronese et al. (2015) state that "Aging is substantially characterised by changes in body composition..." (p. 1002).

Reference list 

• List the first nineteen authors, followed by an ellipsis (. . .), and then list the final author.
• If the book has a DOI, include this even if you consulted the print version.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Arranga, N., Babic, S., Beaumont, C., Bell, B., Bridges, N., Camanzi, M., Coverdale, T., Colan, M., Costigan, H.,  Donnison, R., Fletcher, B., Frawley, N., Georgiou, K., Goodie, C., Grbin, L.,  Griffiths, A., Hilton, T., Jaeschke, S., Kampl, A., ... Webb, T. (2022). Historical thinking for senior secondary students: A collection of teaching and learning activities 2022. Deakin University. https://doi.org/10.26187/deakin.24053451

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include the author(s) last name and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the author(s) last name in the text, include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	Ethical medical care given by nurses … (Bandman & Bandman, 2002) According to Bandman and Bandman (2002) ethics in nursing is ….
Direct quote	"Nurses' commitment to following proper medical procedure is ..." (Bandman & Bandman, 2002, pp. 11-12).

Reference list 

Different edition

Add edition description (in round brackets, no italics) to the title. Edition information is only given for editions other than the first edition. If no edition statement is shown on the book, assume it’s the first (and no statement is needed).

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed.). Publisher.
Reference list entry	DeLaune, S. C., Ladner, P. K., McTier, L., Tollefson, J., & Lawrence, J. (2019). Fundamentals of nursing (2nd Australia and New Zealand ed.). Cengage Learning Australia.

Multi-volume

Add volume number/s (in round brackets, no italics) to the title. Give all volumes (e.g., ‘3 vols.’) if citing a whole work; or volume number (e.g., ‘Vol. 2’) if citing an individual volume (see Edited book/ Book chapter tab for further examples).

Reference format	Example
Template	Editor (Ed.). (Year). Book title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Berman, A., Fransden, G., Snyder, S., Levett-Jones, T., Burston, A., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N., Moxham, L., Langtree, T., Reid-Searl, K., Rolf F., & Stanley D. (Eds.). (2021). Kozier and Erb's fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process and practice (5th Australian ed., Vol. 1-3). Pearson Australia.

An edited book will generally be comprised of chapters written by a number of different authors. When citing in-text, you need to attribute the authors of the particular chapter you are referencing, not the editors of the entire work. If you are using the entire book as a source, refer to the previous section, ‘Edited book’.

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include the author(s) last name and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the author(s) last name in the text, include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	Infectious diseases are often not spoken about in some families … (Brown, 2001). Brown (2001) states …
Direct quote	"Recent research has suggested the infectious diseases are a taboo topic in many families across the world …" (Brown, 2001, p. 83).

Reference list 

• Give the chapter author and title (no italics). Give book title (italics) preceded by ‘In’ (no italics) and initials and surname of editor followed by ‘(Ed.),’ or ‘(Eds.)’ if multiple editors. Add page range of chapter in round brackets (no italics) after the title.
• The editor’s given name initials are before the family name in this format. If the edited book has a DOI, include this even if you consulted the print version.

Chapter from an edited book

Reference format	Example
Template	Chapter Author. (Year). Chapter title. In Editor (Ed.), Book title (page numbers). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Brown, J. (2001). Silence, taboo and infectious disease. In A. Mills & J. Smith (Eds.), Utter silence: Voicing the unspeakable (pp. 83–91). Peter Lang.

Chapter with edition from an edited book

Reference format	Example
Template	Chapter Author. (Year). Chapter title. In Editor (Ed.), Book title (edition, page numbers). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

Chapter with edition variation from an edited book

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed.). Publisher.
Reference list entry	Feo, R., Conroy, T., Alderman, J., & Kitson, A. (2017). Engaging patients and keeping them safe. In J. Crisp, C. Douglas, G. Rebeiro, & D. Waters (Eds.). Potter & Perry's fundamentals of nursing (5th Australia and New Zealand ed., pp. 30-44). Elsevier Australia.

Chapter from a multi-volume edited book

Include any edition and/or volume information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.

Reference format	Example
Template	Chapter Author. (Year). Chapter title: Subtitle. In Editors (Eds.), Book title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #, pp. x-x). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Levvett-Jones, T. (2021). Communicating. In A. Berman, G. Fransden, S. Snyder, T. Levett-Jones, A. Burston, T. Dwyer, M. Hales, N. Harvey, L. Moxham, T. Langtree, K. Reid-Searl, F. Rolf & D. Stanley (Eds.), Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process and practice (5th Australian ed., Vol. 2, pp. 482-512). Pearson Australia.

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include the author(s) last name and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the author(s) last name in the text, include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) from the book.

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	Building cross-cultural competence is seen as … (Hampden-Turner & Trompenaars, 2000). Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars (2000) believe that building cross-cultural competence ...
Direct quote	"Building cross-cultural competence is seen as an essential skill …" (Hampden-Turner & Trompenaars, 2000, p. 15).

Reference list 

When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element.

Ebook with a DOI

If an e-book has a DOI, you must use this format.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher. http://dx.doi.org/xxxxx
Reference list entry	Ross, R. T. (2006). How to examine the nervous system. Humana Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-081-2

Ebook accessed on e-reader without a DOI

• If an e-book from a database does not have a DOI, cite it as you would a print book, including the name of the publisher.
• Do not include URL to the database.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher.
Reference list entry	Hampden-Turner, C., & Trompenaars, A. (2000). Building cross-cultural competence: How to create wealth from conflicting values. John Wiley.

Ebook without a DOI and a non-database URL

Include the URL of the book that was retrieved.

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title: Subtitle (# ed., Vol. #). Publisher. http://xxxxxx
Reference list entry	Kirkwood, R., & Goldsworthy, S. (2013). Fur seals and sea lions. CSIRO. http://uball.csiro.patron.eb20.com/Collections/ViewBook/295eae4d-f807-481b-95cc-05fb9d9f5f48

Check with your teacher or lecturer before using Wikipedia as a reference source.

In-text citations

• When paraphrasing, include the author(s) last name and the year of publication in round brackets. 
• If you mention the author(s) last name in the text, include the year of publication in brackets immediately after the last name.
• Place direct quotes between double quotation marks (" ") and provide the page number(s) or paragraph number (if online). 

Citation format	Example
Paraphrase	Astronauts describe the Moon's surface as grey… (Hapke, 2023). Hapke (2023) states that …
Direct quote	"lunar soil samples in the laboratory are gray with a sight brownish tint …" (Hapke, 2023, p. 158).

Reference list 

• Give the author of entry if one is named, otherwise use the entry title.
• Give the title of the entry (no italics) and the title of the whole work/website (italics) preceded by ‘In’ (no italics).
• Give the page and any edition and volume numbers after the title. Page numbers are not needed if entries are arranged in a single alphabetical sequence.
• Give publication information or DOI or URL if online. Provide the URL of the source (use the permanent link).
• Include a retrieval date if the content is not fixed (i.e., likely to be edited or updated). If this is the case use n.d. for the date of publication.

Individual author

Reference format	Example
Template	Author. (Year). Title of entry. In Editor names (Eds.), Title of reference work (Edition information) (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. DOI/URL
Reference list entry	Hapke, B. (2023). Colour of the moon. In B. Cudnik (Ed.), Encyclopedia of lunar science (pp. 158–160). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14541-9_137 McColl, G. (2014). ABBA. In L. Stacy & L. Henderson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of music in the 20th century. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315062051

Group author

Reference format	Example
Template	Group Author. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from DOI/URL
Reference list entry	Merriam-Webster. (n.d.) Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-report