The basics of IEEE
Learn the basics of IEEE referencing. Format in-text citations and reference lists correctly to cite sources and support your academic writing.
IEEE is a sequentially numbered referencing system commonly used in engineering and information technology.
In-text citations
A number in square brackets [ ] is allocated for each source used with a corresponding entry in a reference list at the end of the paper.
Learn more about how to format in-text citations.
Full reference
Each source cited in the text has a corresponding full reference entry which appears in the reference list at the end of the piece of work.
Each reference contains the information needed to identify and locate the source.
The rules of IEEE determine the order in which these elements appear, as well as the punctuation and use of capital letters and italicised font.
Learn more about how to format a full reference.
Reference list
The reference list is numbered in the order of your cited sources and should contain enough identifying detail to allow your reader to locate the source.
Learn how to arrange and format your reference list.